Infectious Diseases

Avian tumor viruses are important, economically significant pathogens in the poultry industry, and can provide scientific insight in topics that cannot be experimented in humans. The present review will present viral-induced tumors in poultry and will emphasize the specific findings that can be taken from their study, regarding (a) multiple...

Earlier studies have suggested an association between breast cancer aggressiveness and the presence of viral sequences resembling mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). This study was to determine if inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) in the United States had a higher proportion of cases with these viral sequences than non-IBC patients and...

Frank J. Jenkins Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

Background: Malaria infects 10,000 to 30,000 international travellers each year. It can be prevented through anti-mosquito measures and drug prophylaxis. We did a systematic review to assess the effects of currently used antimalaria drugs, given as prophylaxis to non- immune adult and child travellers to regions with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum...

Blood collected on FTA® filter cards was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively with real-time PCR and the results compared with expert microscopy performed on-site in Gabon. There was 100% concordance for fresh blood samples. However, correlation of quantitative PCR-results was rather weak (0.52) and reproducibility showed coefficients of variation ranging from...

Introductory Editorial by Dr Ashley M. Croft, Headquarters Fifth Division, Shrewsbury, U.K.

Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not a simple viral infection; it has many metabolic and autoimmune complications. Objective: To investigate the impacts of chronic HCV infection on glucose and lipid metabolism and its correlation-if any-with body mass index (BMI) and hepatosteatosis in chronic HCV patients. Patients and Methods: One...

A selective review of recent concepts, events and major recent research methodologies, and educational approaches in the field of vector-borne disease are drawn together in this article. Since vector borne disease is a major contributor to world disease bur- dens, and also comprises list of neglected diseases, recent research in...

The vagina is a dynamic and finely tuned ecosystem in which homeostasis depends on mutually beneficial interactions between a human female and her resident microorganisms, an ecosystem that can be thrown off balance by a wide variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Although a functional equilibrium provides stability to...

In spite of the “epidemiological transition”, infectious diseases remain as major threats to the health and well-being of human populations. Social factors are related to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. However, except for diseases which are more obviously social in their origin and patterns of spread (e.g. sexually-transmitted...

Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, with low incidence rate in developed countries, however the incidence rate in Middle Eastern countries remains high. Chest symptoms in brucellosis cases account for about 15% of the cases, but dealing with respiratory system involvement is rare particularly pleural involvement. Case Report: We report a...

Objectives: To report a case in where a mural endocarditis caused by Candida parapsilosis was successfully treated with the combination of 2 antifungal agents, caspofungin and voriconazole, in an extremely premature infant. Description: A female infant born at 30.7 weeks with weight 925 g. The infant had a pneumothorax and respiratory...

M Wolkewitz1, M Dettenkofer2, H Bertz3, M Schumacher1 and J Huebner4 1Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany. 2Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany. 3Department of Internal Medicine I (Haematology/Oncology), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany. 4Division of Infectious...

Douglas MacPhersonMigration Health Consultants Inc; Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Sam Khalouei1 and Xuhua Xia2,31Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2Department of Biology and Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 3Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)...

Élcio Leal1, Leonardo O. Martins2, L. Mario Janini1 and Ricardo S. Diaz1 1Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 2Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo. Abstract Analysis of the near full-length genomes revealed that the subtype F appeared in Brazilian HIV-1 epidemics...

Krishan K. Pandey and Duane P. Grandgenett Institute for Molecular Virology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, Saint Louis, MO 63104. U.S.A. Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase (IN) is a new and novel target for inhibitors. Strand transfer inhibitors effectively prevent concerted integration of viral DNA...

Luis Isamu Barros Kanzaki1 and Jorge Casseb2 1Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, Brasilia, D.F. Brazil, CEP 70.910-900. 2Institute of Tropical Medicine at Sao Paulo University Av. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500/prédio IMT II/3º andar. São Paulo, SP. Brazil, CEP...

James P. Keblesh, Benjamin C. Reiner, Jianuo Liu and Huangui Xiong Neurophysiology laboratory, the Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, U.S.A. Abstract HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) describes the cognitive impairments and behavioral...

Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV or human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]) is a gammaherpesvirus highly associated with KS, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman’s disease, an aggressive lymphoproliferative disorder. KSHV, like other gammaherpesvirus latently infects predominantly B-cells and endothelial cells. Infected cells retain the virus from one generation to the...

Jongming Li1, Bijoyesh Mookerjee2, Priya Singh1 and John L Wagner1 1Department of Medical Oncology, 1024 Curtis Building, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A., 19107. 21800 Concord Pike, AstraZeneca PLC, Wilmington, DE 19850–5437. Abstract Nephropathy associated with BK virus has emerged as an important cause...

Jongming Li1, John L. Wagner1 and Bijoyesh Mookerjee2 1Department of Medical Oncology, 1024 Curtis Building, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107. 21800 Concord Pike, AstraZeneca PLC, Wilmington, DE 19850-5437. Abstract JC virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are associated with a favorable outcome in patients...

Derek Gatherer MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, University of Glasgow, Church Street, Glasgow, G11 5JR, UK Abstract Within the 230138 bp of the rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) genome, the G+C content changes abruptly at position 142644, constituting a G+C content frontier. To the left of this...

H. Seale1, D.E. Dwyer2, J.R. Chapman3 and C.R. MacIntyre1,4 1School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia. 2Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia. 3Centre for Transplant and...

Tasha Biesinger and Jason T. Kimata Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. U.S.A. Abstract Upon transmission, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) establishes infection of the lymphatic reservoir, leading to profound depletion of the memory CD4+T cell population despite the...

Sofia Corte-Real, Lídia Fonseca and Joao Goncalves URIA-Centro de Patogénese Molecular, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal.

H.G.P. van Gennip, G.K.W Miedema, R.J.M. Moormann and P.A van Rijn Central Veterinary Institute of (CVI) of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 2004, 8203 AA Lelystad, The Netherlands. Abstract An intriguing difference between the E2 glycoprotein of CSFV and the other groups of pestiviruses (nonCSFV) is a lack of...

William A. Cafruny1, Richard G. Duman1, Raymond R. Rowland2, Eric A. Nelson3, and Grace H. Wong4 1Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, S.D. 57069. 2Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, L-229 Mosier Hall, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS...

Wei Zhao1, Bapi Pahar1,2 and Karol Sestak1,2 1Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, U.S.A. 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A. Abstract A non-human primate model was used to evaluate its potential for identification of rotavirus viral protein 6 (VP6)...