Urology

The overactive bladder (OAB) is a debilitating condition in which patients suffer from urinary urgency, frequency and nocturia with or without urge urinary incontinence. The mainstay of pharmacotherapy for OAB is muscarinic receptor antagonists, which have been shown to be effective treatments for the symptoms of OAB. The mechanism underlying...

Overactive bladder (OAB), a bothersome condition that is frequently associated with incontinence, commonly affects middle-aged and elderly people. OAB not only has a negative effect on physical and mental well-being but also accounts for billions of dollars in health care costs and lost productivity. Although OAB can be treated effectively...

Fesoterodine extended-release (brand name Toviaz) is a new competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist labeled for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). Here we have undertaken a substantial update to a systematic review evaluating the effects of fesoterodine in the treatment of OAB. Our results indicate that fesoterodine was found to have...

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of transrectal computed ultrasound tomography (TRCUT) in localization and targeted biopsy for men who have been shown to be negative in the first biopsy guided by two-dimensional transrectal ultrasound (2D TRUS) but continue to have figures suggestive of prostate cancer, so as to minimize with...

Introductory Editorial by Dr Karna Dev Bardhan

Background: Infants with neonatal hydronephrosis and a normal voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) are presumed to have ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). There is little current information about the natural history of children with hydronephrosis or clinical factors that predict resolution of the radiological abnormality. Objective: To determine the time course until spontaneous resolution...

Overactive bladder is a highly prevalent condition that affects both males and females. The risk of developing overactive bladder increases with aging. There appear to be multiple etiologies for overactive bladder. Antimuscarinic agents have been the main-stay for pharmacologic treatment of overactive bladder. Their role is thought to be via...

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the time course of aminoglycoside-induced serum creatinine (SCr) elevation and compare that in patients treated with amikacin (AK) and those treated with gentamicin (GM). Methodology: A one-year, non-interventional prospective study of patients with normal baseline renal function and were administered either GM or AK....

It has been clarified in patients with CKD stage 3–4, cinacalcet can reduce PTH levels without severe adverse events, however calcium levels significantly decrease and phosphorus levels increase. Increase of serum phosphorus level by cinacalcet in patients with CKD stage 3–4 is a problematic issue. Undesirable decreases in serum calcium...

Anemia resulting from a relative deficiency of erythropoietin commonly complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD). With the introduction of recombinant erythropoietin two decades ago, there has been a dramatic reduction in the need for blood transfusions in CKD patients. Epoetin alpha is a first generation erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) that needs...

Background: Ureteral catheters are valuable indispensable devices may readily acquire biofilms on the inner or outer surfaces. This study evaluated the efficacies of ureteral catheters impregnated with ciprofloxacin, N-acetylcysteine each alone and in combination on microbial adherence. Methods: Antimicrobial durability of ureteral catheters coated, through instant dip method, with ciprofloxacin were...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are associated with significant morbidity. We rely on clinical presentation, urinalysis, and urine culture to diagnose UTI. To differentiate between lower UTI and pyelonephritis, we depend on the clinical presentation. In the extremes of age and in immunocompromised individuals, clinical presentation is often atypical posing a...

Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare tumor of the urinary bladder accounting for less than 0.5% of all primary urinary bladder tumors. Since the patients were presented with large tumor with extended stages, outcome was found to be poor. In order to improve local control, adjuvant local treatment may be practical....

Due to the growing rate of multi-drug resistant bacteria in complicated infections, the need for new broad-spectrum antimicrobials is paramount. Doripenem, a new addition to the intravenous carbapenem class, has recently been approved for the treatment of complicated lower urinary tract infections and/or pyelonephritis (cUTI) and complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI)...

A 69 year old male who presented with painful, swollen and inflamed scrotum is presented as a unique case report. He was initially treated as a case of infection and was subject to further investigation due to poor response to antibiotics. CT scan showed thickened scrotal wall and an incision...

Objective: Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of superficial bladder cancer decreases recurrence rates. We present oncological results of a randomized, prospective study, comparing transurethral resection (TUR) performed under conventional white light (WL) with PDD. The follow-up period is the longest reported to date. As costs might be reimbursed by prolonged recurrence-free survival...

Jacob Rube1, Alexandra Peyser1, Freya Tarapore1, Bari Scheckner1, Rachel Frank RN CNN1, Suzanne Vento RN1, Cathy Hoffman RN1, Douglas Charney2, Elsa Valderamma2, Beatrice Goilav1 and Howard Trachtman11Department of Pediatrics. Division of Nephrology, Schneider Children’s Hospital, New Hyde Park, New York. 2Department of Pathology, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Long Island Campus...

Commentary by Dr Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan, Department of Histology Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.

Modern medicine has brought us many miracle cures. In the 21st century, especially, we are blessed with increasingly powerful disease combating tools, such as functional genomics, proteomics and stem cells. Decades of medical and pharmaceutical research have produced thousands of medicines that allow us to treat and prevent diseases better...

Background: The Kt/V value demonstrates the dose of hemodialysis (HD). However, because of several existing methods for calculating delivered dialysis dose, Kt/V values can, in fact, be different for the same set of pre-/post-dialysis blood urea concentrations. Methods: In the study presented here, another formula was derived for calculating...

Purpose: The purpose of this Phase II randomized-controlled trial was to evaluate the safety and effect of administering several doses of lycopene to men with clinically localized prostate cancer, on intermediate endpoint biomarkers implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. Methods: Forty-five eligible men with clinically localized prostate cancer were supplemented with...

Wun-Jae Kim1, Soongang Park2 and Yong-June Kim2 1Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine and Institute for Tumor Research, South Korea. 2Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea.Abstract: Bladder cancers are a mixture of heterogeneous cell populations, and numerous factors are likely to...