Substance abuse

Here we describe the first report of using low-cost cellular or web-based digital cameras to image and quantify standardized rapid immunoassay strips as a new diagnostic and forensics tool with health applications. Quantitative ratiometric pixel density analysis (QRPDA) is an automated method requiring end-users to utilize inexpensive (~$1 USD/each)...

Introduction: Chronic methamphetamine use results in persistent neuropsychological deficits in abstinent methamphetamine dependent (AMD) subjects. We examined the hypothesis that elevated concentration of cerebral glutamate (Glu), an excitatory neurotransmitter and neurotoxin, occurs in human AMD. Materials and Methods: We examined 40 subjects, 18 of whom were AMD, abstinent more than...

Methadone is a synthetic opiate primarily used in the detoxification and maintenance of patients who are dependent on opiates particularly heroin. Though within last 10–15 years methadone is increasingly used to manage neuropathic and cancer pains. Unfortunately, with increased methadone use for pain is coincided with significant increase in adverse...

Twenty-eight patients with diabetes who screened positive for at-risk drinking were assigned to brief alcohol intervention (BAI) (n = 14) or standard care (SC) (n = 14) treatment conditions. All participants completed a baseline interview and one-, three, and six-month follow-up interviews. Across the six-month follow-up period, there was a...

Introduction: Smoking by health professionals is a very negative habit not only for their own health, but also because it diminishes their capacity to influence their smoker patients to quit their habits. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the trend of the smoking prevalence, as well as...

Background: A substantial number of patients in general hospitals will evince substance abuse problems but a majority is unlikely to be adequately identified in the referral-consultation process. This failure may preclude patients from receiving effective interventions for substance use disorders. Objectives: 1. To evaluate all referred patients for possible substance use...

Objective: To examine the relationship of eating disorder (ED) symptoms with the severity of alcohol use among adolescents in treatment for alcohol and other substance use disorders (AOSUDs). Method: A sample consisted of 177 adolescents who participated in outpatient AOSUD treatment programs in Connecticut. Chi square tests, one-way ANOVAs...

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The study’s purpose was to determine treatment outcomes for patients who present with drug use vs. those presenting with no drug use at admission to a psychiatric day treatment program. Consecutively admitted patients completed confidential interviews which included psychological distress and quality of life measures and provided urine specimens for...

Introduction: Although tobacco is the leading preventable cause of the death among adults in India, the general public including tobacco users has little awareness about possible consequences of tobacco use. One way of bringing more awareness is to place more information on tobacco products in the form of pictorial warnings....

Context: Although the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is well-established in many countries, it is a relatively new therapy for heroin users in China. Jiangsu Province, a relatively wealthy province, set up 4 MMT clinics in February 2006. No previous studies have evaluated the impact of MMT in a...

Objective: To identify emergency department patients who are ready to change their illicit drug use behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 198 Emergency Department patients at least 18 years old, seeking emergency department services, using at least one illicit drug, and scoring positive for alcohol problem based on CAGE score ≥...

Danielle E McCarthy1, Douglas E Jorenby2, Haruka Minami1 and Vivian Yeh11Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA. 2Department of Medicine and Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. AbstractBupropion SR is approved for...

Richard M. Reisman1, Pareen J. Shenoy2, Adam J. Atherly3 and Christopher R. Flowers21Gwinnett Hospital System Pain Management Center, Lawrenceville, GA, U.S.A. 2School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. 3Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.AbstractContext: The dramatic rise in the...

Salameh Pascale1, Aoun Bacha Zeina2 and Waked Mirna31Pharmacist and Epidemiologist, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. 2Chest physician, HOTEL DIEU hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. 3Chest physician, St. George Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.AbstractIntroduction:  We have already suggested that waterpipe (WP) smoking is associated with an increase in saliva cotinine and carbon monoxide in a small...

Caroline L. Strasinger1, Nicole N. Scheff1, Ji Wu2, Bruce J. Hinds2 and Audra L. Stinchcomb11Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A. 2Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A.AbstractTransdermal systems are attractive methods of drug administration specifically when treating patients for drug addiction....

Gregory L. Stuart1, Timothy J. O’Farrell2, Kenneth Leonard3, Todd M. Moore1, Jeff R. Temple4, Susan E. Ramsey5, Robert L. Stout6, Christopher W. Kahler7, Meggan M. Bucossi8, Shawna M. Andersen8, Patricia R. Recupero8, Zach Walsh8, Yael Chatav Schonbrun8, David R. Strong8, Emily F. Rothman9, Deborah L. Rhatigan1 and Peter M. Monti71University...

Chris G. Richardson1, Joy L. Johnson2, Pamela A. Ratner2 and Bruno D. Zumbo31School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia. 2Centre for Nursing and Health Behaviour Research, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia. 3Measurement, Evaluation and Research Methodology Program, University of British Columbia.AbstractThe purpose of this study...

Susan E. Ramsey1,2 and Patricia A. Engler21Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 2Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.AbstractDiabetes Mellitus is a serious chronic disease, affecting an increasing number of individuals worldwide. Adherence to diabetes self-care behaviors is...

Geeta Sharma and Sukumar Vijayaraghavan Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado, Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora CO, USA. Abstract Nicotine, the addictive component of cigarette smoke has profound effects on the brain. Activation of its receptors by nicotine has complex...

Michael A. Dawes, Charles W. Mathias, Dawn M. Richard, Nathalie Hill-Kapturczak and Donald M. Dougherty Department of Psychiatry, Division of Alcohol and Drug Addiction, Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory and Clinic, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7792, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States of America. Abstract Adolescent suicidal behaviors...

Kara L. Kuntz-Melcavage, Willard M. Freeman and Kent E. Vrana Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, R130, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, U.S.A. Abstract Drug abuse is a condition that impacts not only the individual drug user, but society as a whole. Although...

Zubair Kabir Visiting Scientist, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Gantt P. Galloway1, Edward G. Singleton2 and The Methamphetamine Treatment Project Corporate Authors3 1Addiction Pharmacology Research Laboratory, St. Lukes Hospital, 7th floor, 3555 Cesar Chavez Street, San Francisco, CA 94110. 2The MayaTech Corporation, 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 900, Silver Spring, MD 20910. 3The Methamphetamine Treatment Project Corporate Authors: M....

Terje Forslund1, Arvo Koistinen1, Jorma Anttinen2, Bodo Wagner3 and Marja Miettinen1 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, 2Department of Pathology, 3Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Central Finland Health Care District Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland. Abstract We present a patient who had ingested sodium bicarbonate for treatment...

Thomas F. Kresina1, Diana Sylvestre2, Leonard Seeff3, Alain H. Litwin4, Kenneth Hoffman1, Robert Lubran1 and H. Westley Clark1 1Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD. 2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Organization to Achieve Solutions In Substance...

Gantt P. Galloway, Ryne Didier, Kathleen Garrison and John Mendelson Addiction Pharmacology Research Laboratory, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94110, U.S.A. Abstract Background: Predictors of relapse to methamphetamine use are poorly understood. State variables may play an important role in relapse, but they have been...

Pilar Carrera, Amparo Caballero and Dolores Muñoz Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (Spain) Abstract: In this work we present two types of emotional message, negative (sadness) versus mixed (joy and sadness), with the aim of studying their differential effect on attitude change and the probability estimated by participants of...