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Integrative Medicine Insights

Synopsis: An open access, peer reviewed electronic journal that covers integration of complementary medicine into the over-all pursuit of patient health.


Indexing: 5 major databases. Pubmed indexing for NIH-funded research.

Processing time: Decision in 2 weeks for 90% of papers.


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Journal newsletter sent to subscribers in week 37, 2009. Follow link to see newsletter summary.  Register to receive newsletters.   
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Journal: 46427
Most read article: 1953
Editor in chief:
Steven Gurgevich
ISSN: 1177-3936


 
 
 


Black Cohosh: Insights into its Mechanism(s) of Action

Authors: Rachel L. Ruhlen, Grace Y. Sun and Edward R. Sauter
Publication Date: 27 Aug 2008
Integrative Medicine Insights 2008:3 21-32

Rachel L. Ruhlen1, Grace Y. Sun2 and Edward R. Sauter1

From the Departments of Surgery1 and Biochemistry2, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.

Abstract

The Women’s Health Initiative found that  combination estrogen and progesterone hormone replacement therapy increases breast cancer and cardiovascular disease risk, which compelled many women to seek herbal alternatives such as black cohosh extract (BCE) to relieve their menopausal symptoms. While several clinical trials document the efficacy of BCE in alleviating menopausal symptoms, preclinical studies to determine how BCE works have yielded conflicting results. Part of this is because there is not a universally accepted method to standardize the dose of black cohosh triterpenes, the presumed active ingredients in the extract. Although the mechanism by which BCE relieves symptoms is unknown, several hypotheses have been proposed: it acts 1) as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, 2) through serotonergic pathways, 3) as an antioxidant, or 4) on inflammatory pathways. We found that while the most prominent triterpene in BCE, 23-epi- 26-deoxyactein, suppresses cytokine-induced nitric oxide production in brain microglial cells, the whole BCE extract actually enhanced this pathway. A variety of activities have been reported for black cohosh and its compounds, but the absorption and tissue distribution of these compounds is unknown.



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