Miranda A. Farage¹, Kenneth W. Miller¹, Paul R. Summers², Jack D. Sobel³ and William J. Ledger⁴

¹The Procter & Gamble Company, Winton Hill Business Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. ²Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. ³Division of Infectious Diseases, Harper University Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA. ⁴Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.

Abstract

The causes of chronic vulvar pain are many and when not accompanied by obvious physical signs they are difficult to unravel. Many common vulvar dermatoses can manifest without obvious erythema or mucocutaneous lesions, as can some less common disorders of both infectious and allergic origin. In addition localized and generalized vulvar dysesthesia, recently defined chronic pain syndromes of neurogenic origin, can also occur in the vulvar area.
Chronic vulvovaginal symptoms in early stages are often presumptuously labeled as vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) by patients and clinicians alike, which can delay accurate diagnosis. When presented with chronic vulvar pain unaccompanied by verifiable signs, the clinician must effect a sensitive integration of a detailed medical history, including temporal associations of all potential exposures, with more definitive diagnostic tools. Effective use of those available tools can improve initial diagnosis, thus allowing prompt initiation of effective therapy. Optimal therapy will recognize the significant psychological distress that accompanies any chronic pain syndrome.